Debate over the electronic structure of CuIII complexes has intensified in recent years, focusing primarily on whether the [Cu(CF3)4]- moiety should be desc Show more
Debate over the electronic structure of CuIII complexes has intensified in recent years, focusing primarily on whether the [Cu(CF3)4]- moiety should be described as a classical Werner-type 3d8 CuIII complex or as a 3d10 CuI inverted ligand field framework. The copper periodate complex [Cu(HIO6)2]5-, discovered in 1937, has long been regarded as a 3d8 CuIII species and sometimes used as a reference 3d8 CuIII complex in oxidation state assignments for Cu-containing metalloenzymes. Nevertheless, its detailed electronic structure remains unexplored. Herein, we revisit the oxidation state of [Cu(HIO6)2]5- by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The obtained results show that the oxidation state of the Cu center in [Cu(HIO6)2]5- lies at the boundary between the classical Werner-type and inverted ligand field regimes. This study thus demonstrates that categorizing the oxidation state of CuIII complexes as either 3d8 or 3d10 configurations is often inadequate; instead, the existence of electronic states at the boundary between these two limiting cases should be recognized. Show less
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. In 2020, the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000 Show more
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. In 2020, the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000, accounting for 10% of all cancer deaths worldwide. Accordingly, there is a vast amount of ongoing research aiming to find new and improved treatment modalities for CRC that can potentially increase survival and decrease overall morbidity and mortality. Current management strategies for CRC include surgical procedures for resectable cases, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, in addition to their combination, for non-resectable tumors. Despite these options, CRC remains incurable in 50% of cases. Nonetheless, significant improvements in research techniques have allowed for treatment approaches for CRC to be frequently updated, leading to the availability of new drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the most recent therapeutic approaches for CRC, with special emphasis on new strategies that are currently being studied and have great potential to improve the prognosis and lifespan of patients with CRC. Show less