👤 DC Beyer

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Also published as: Georg Beyer, M. Beyer
articles
F Fadlallah, K Elshiwy, Y Elkeraie +1388 more · 2024 · World Journal of Clinical Oncology · added 2026-04-20
F Fadlallah, K Elshiwy, Y Elkeraie, Z Merjaneh, G Khoudari, MT Sarmini, M Gad, M Al-Husseini, A Saad, RL Siegel, KD Miller, NS Wagle, A Jemal, A Kumar, V Gautam, A Sandhu, K Rawat, A Sharma, L Saha, M Bretthauer, M Løberg, P Wieszczy, M Kalager, L Emilsson, K Garborg, M Rupinski, E Dekker, M Spaander, M Bugajski, Ø Holme, AG Zauber, ND Pilonis, A Mroz, EJ Kuipers, J Shi, MA Hernán, HO Adami, J Regula, G Hoff, MF Kaminski, S Shinji, T Yamada, A Matsuda, H Sonoda, R Ohta, T Iwai, K Takeda, K Yonaga, Y Masuda, H Yoshida, M Zajkowska, B Mroczko, GJ Poston, J Figueras, F Giuliante, G Nuzzo, AF Sobrero, JF Gigot, B Nordlinger, R Adam, T Gruenberger, MA Choti, AJ Bilchik, Cutsem EJ Van, JM Chiang, MI D'Angelica, GJ Chang, AM Kaiser, S Mills, JF Rafferty, WD Buie, JR Monson, MR Weiser, J Rafferty, AE Blackmore, MT Wong, CL Tang, BL Green, HC Marshall, F Collinson, P Quirke, P Guillou, DG Jayne, JM Brown, J Mar, A Anton-Ladislao, O Ibarrondo, A Arrospide, S Lázaro, N Gonzalez, M Bare, D Callejo, M Redondo, JM Quintana, S Kitano, M Inomata, J Mizusawa, H Katayama, M Watanabe, S Yamamoto, M Ito, S Saito, S Fujii, F Konishi, Y Saida, H Hasegawa, T Akagi, K Sugihara, T Yamaguchi, T Masaki, Y Fukunaga, K Murata, M Okajima, Y Moriya, Y Shimada, P Gavriilidis, K Katsanos, K Toritani, J Watanabe, K Nakagawa, Y Suwa, H Suwa, A Ishibe, M Ota, C Kunisaki, I Endo, T Matsuda, Y Sumi, K Yamashita, M Yamamoto, Y Matsuda, S Kanaji, T Oshikiri, T Nakamura, S Suzuki, Y Kakeji, RK Cleary, AM Morris, AL Halverson, KA Mirkin, AS Kulaylat, CS Hollenbeak, E Messaris, S Atallah, B Martin-Perez, M Albert, T deBeche-Adams, G Nassif, L Hunter, S Larach, MX Bjørn, SK Perdawood, Z Shen, Y Ye, Q Xie, K Jiang, S Wang, G Wang, Z Wang, Z Jiang, J Liu, J Zhao, J Li, A Arezzo, MA Bonino, F Ris, L Boni, E Cassinotti, DCC Foo, NF Shum, A Brolese, F Ciarleglio, DS Keller, R Rosati, Nardi P De, U Elmore, Romario U Fumagalli, MD Jafari, A Pigazzi, E Rybakov, M Alekseev, N Vettoretto, R Cirocchi, R Passera, E Forcignanò, M Morino, SH Park, HM Park, KR Baek, HM Ahn, IY Lee, GM Son, FA Vuijk, DE Hilling, JSD Mieog, AL Vahrmeijer, A Hiroishi, T Morimoto, K Horikoshi, Y Nakajima, KL Baglan, RC Frazier, D Yan, RR Huang, AA Martinez, JM Robertson, JG Letschert, JV Lebesque, Boer RW de, AA Hart, H Bartelink, JY Wo, CJ Anker, JB Ashman, NA Bhadkamkar, L Bradfield, DT Chang, J Dorth, J Garcia-Aguilar, D Goff, D Jacqmin, P Kelly, NB Newman, J Olsen, AC Raldow, E Ruiz-Garcia, KB Stitzenberg, CR Jr Thomas, QJ Wu, P Das, V Paroder, TJ Fraum, S Nougaret, I Petkovska, GM Rauch, H Kaur, C Bascoul-Mollevi, S Gourgou, C Borg, PL Etienne, E Rio, E Rullier, B Juzyna, F Castan, T Conroy, RR Bahadoer, EA Dijkstra, Etten B van, CAM Marijnen, H Putter, EM Kranenbarg, AGH Roodvoets, ID Nagtegaal, RGH Beets-Tan, LK Blomqvist, T Fokstuen, Tije AJ Ten, J Capdevila, MP Hendriks, I Edhemovic, A Cervantes, PJ Nilsson, B Glimelius, de Velde CJH van, GAP Hospers, P Goffredo, FF Quezada-Diaz, JJ Smith, A Cercek, CSD Roxburgh, P Strombom, LKF Temple, GM Nash, JG Guillem, PB Paty, R Yaeger, ZK Stadler, K Seier, M Gonen, NH Segal, DL Reidy, A Varghese, J Shia, E Vakiani, AJ Wu, CH Crane, MJ Gollub, LB Saltz, V Vendrely, J Asselineau, P Rouanet, JJ Tuech, A Valverde, Chaisemartin C de, M Rivoire, B Trilling, M Jafari, G Portier, B Meunier, I Sieleznieff, M Bertrand, F Marchal, A Dubois, M Pocard, A Rullier, D Smith, N Frulio, E Frison, Q Denost, CC Fossum, JY Alabbad, LB Romak, CL Hallemeier, MG Haddock, M Huebner, EJ Dozois, DW Larson, J Simpson, JH Scholefield, L Feo, M Polcino, E Vinet, N Joharatnam-Hogan, W Wilson, KK Shiu, GK Fusai, B Davidson, D Hochhauser, J Bridgewater, K Khan, JY Luh, KV Albuquerque, C Cheng, RP Ermoian, N Nabavizadeh, H Parsai, JC Roeske, SE Weiss, RB Wynn, Y Yu, SA Rosenthal, A Hartford, S Gwynne, R Webster, R Adams, S Mukherjee, B Coles, J Staffurth, AC Hartford, JM Galvin, DC Beyer, TJ Eichler, GS Ibbott, B Kavanagh, CJ Schultz, ST Chao, LK Dad, LA Dawson, NB Desai, M Pacella, R Rengan, Y Xiao, KM Yenice, BS Teh, SY Woo, EB Butler, SS Lo, AJ Fakiris, EL Chang, NA Mayr, JZ Wang, L Papiez, RC McGarry, HR Cardenes, RD Timmerman, AB Sharabi, PT Tran, M Lim, CG Drake, TL Deweese, E Lavrova, MD Garrett, YF Wang, C Chin, C Elliston, M Savacool, M Price, LA Kachnic, DP Horowitz, KK Brock, CH Chiang, TY Chao, MY Huang, M Haque, MS Shakil, KM Mahmud, EJ Vaios, J Yan, C Wang, X Jiang, Y Wei, Q Wang, K Cui, X Xu, F Wang, L Zhang, T Mitin, AL Zietman, X Tian, K Liu, Y Hou, J Cheng, J Zhang, Y Hiroshima, H Ishikawa, M Murakami, M Nakamura, S Shimizu, T Enomoto, T Oda, M Mizumoto, K Nakai, T Okumura, H Sakurai, G Kraft, S Yamada, H Takiyama, Y Isozaki, M Shinoto, H Makishima, N Yamamoto, H Tsuji, DK Ebner, T Kamada, EG Chiorean, G Nandakumar, T Fadelu, S Temin, AE Alarcon-Rozas, S Bejarano, AE Croitoru, S Grover, PV Lohar, A Odhiambo, ER Garcia, C Teh, A Rose, B Zaki, MD Chamberlin, Dominguez O Hernandez, S Yilmaz, SR Steele, D Duarte, N Vale, XH You, YH Jiang, Z Fang, F Sun, Y Li, W Wang, ZJ Xia, XZ Wang, HQ Ying, L Xiong, Y Lou, L Wang, NN Baxter, EB Kennedy, E Bergsland, J Berlin, TJ George, S Gill, PJ Gold, A Hantel, L Jones, C Lieu, N Mahmoud, YN You, JA Meyerhardt, WJ Thompson, GA Piazza, H Li, L Liu, J Fetter, B Zhu, G Sperl, D Ahnen, R Pamukcu, BN Islam, DD Browning, M Cruz-Burgos, A Losada-Garcia, CD Cruz-Hernández, SA Cortés-Ramírez, I Camacho-Arroyo, V Gonzalez-Covarrubias, M Morales-Pacheco, SI Trujillo-Bornios, M Rodríguez-Dorantes, P Dent, L Booth, JL Roberts, A Poklepovic, JF Hancock, N Arber, CJ Eagle, J Spicak, I Rácz, P Dite, J Hajer, M Zavoral, MJ Lechuga, P Gerletti, J Tang, RB Rosenstein, K Macdonald, P Bhadra, R Fowler, J Wittes, SD Solomon, B Levin, J Peñarando, A Cañas, LM López-Sánchez, F Conde, S Guil-Luna, V Hernández, C Villar, C Morales-Estévez, la Haba-Rodríguez J de, E Aranda, A Rodríguez-Ariza, RK Phillips, MH Wallace, PM Lynch, E Hawk, GB Gordon, BP Saunders, N Wakabayashi, Y Shen, S Zimmerman, L Godio, M Rodrigues-Bigas, LK Su, J Sherman, G Kelloff, G Steinbach, CA Burke, R Phillips, JS Morris, R Slack, X Wang, S Patterson, FA Sinicrope, MA Rodriguez-Bigas, E Half, S Bulow, A Latchford, S Clark, WA Ross, B Malone, H Hasson, E Richmond, D Fina, L Franchi, R Caruso, I Peluso, GC Naccari, S Bellinvia, R Testi, F Pallone, G Monteleone, A Reinacher-Schick, A Schoeneck, U Graeven, I Schwarte-Waldhoff, W Schmiegel, C Stolfi, J Słoka, M Madej, B Strzalka-Mrozik, AF Slater, JH Choi, JS Yoon, YW Won, BB Park, YY Lee, K Sasaki, NH Tsuno, E Sunami, K Kawai, K Hongo, M Hiyoshi, M Kaneko, K Murono, N Tada, T Nirei, K Takahashi, J Kitayama, M Selvakumaran, RK Amaravadi, IA Vasilevskaya, PJ O'Dwyer, LE Anselmino, MV Baglioni, G Reynoso, VR Rozados, OG Scharovsky, MJ Rico, M Menacho-Márquez, T André, C Boni, L Mounedji-Boudiaf, M Navarro, J Tabernero, T Hickish, C Topham, M Zaninelli, P Clingan, I Tabah-Fisch, Gramont A de, A Bonetti, F Rivera, JP Kuebler, HS Wieand, MJ O'Connell, RE Smith, LH Colangelo, G Yothers, NJ Petrelli, MP Findlay, TE Seay, JN Atkins, JL Zapas, JW Goodwin, L Fehrenbacher, RK Ramanathan, BA Conley, PJ Flynn, G Soori, LK Colman, EA Levine, KS Lanier, N Wolmark, A Figer, M Seymour, M Homerin, A Hmissi, J Cassidy, H Cortes-Funes, G Freyer, D Papamichael, Bail N Le, C Louvet, D Hendler, Braud F de, C Wilson, F Morvan, A Mohammed, NB Janakiram, M Brewer, K Vedala, VE Steele, CV Rao, AR Brás, P Fernandes, T Moreira, J Morales-Sanfrutos, E Sabidó, AMM Antunes, A Valente, A Preto, C Teixeira-Guedes, RG Teixeira, Garcia M Helena, TS Morais, P Florindo, MF Piedade, V Moreno, C Ciudad, V Noe, YT Lee, YJ Tan, CE Oon, VV Padma, Z Koveitypour, F Panahi, M Vakilian, M Peymani, Forootan F Seyed, Esfahani MH Nasr, K Ghaedi, N Valeri, C Dearman, S Rao, D Watkins, N Starling, I Chau, D Cunningham, J Neumann, L Wehweck, S Maatz, J Engel, T Kirchner, A Jung, Y Humblet, S Siena, D Khayat, H Bleiberg, A Santoro, D Bets, M Mueser, A Harstrick, C Verslype, Cutsem E Van, G Fornasier, S Francescon, P Baldo, CH Köhne, E Hitre, J Zaluski, Chien CR Chang, A Makhson, G D'Haens, T Pintér, R Lim, G Bodoky, JK Roh, G Folprecht, P Ruff, C Stroh, S Tejpar, M Schlichting, J Nippgen, P Rougier, I Láng, MP Nowacki, S Cascinu, I Shchepotin, J Maurel, A Zubel, I Celik, F Ciardiello, TS Maughan, RA Adams, CG Smith, AM Meade, MT Seymour, RH Wilson, S Idziaszczyk, R Harris, D Fisher, SL Kenny, E Kay, JK Mitchell, A Madi, B Jasani, MD James, MJ Kennedy, B Claes, D Lambrechts, R Kaplan, JP Cheadle, CJ Allegra, RB Rumble, SR Hamilton, PB Mangu, N Roach, RL Schilsky, VK Morris, AB 3rd Benson, M Cho, KK Ciombor, C Cremolini, A Davis, DA Deming, MG Fakih, S Gholami, TS Hong, I Jaiyesimi, K Klute, H Sanoff, JH Strickler, S White, JA Willis, C Eng, F Petrelli, R Ardito, A Ghidini, A Zaniboni, M Ghidini, S Barni, G Tomasello, L Lo, D Patel, AR Townsend, TJ Price, JY Douillard, R Burkes, M Barugel, J Jassem, I Kocákova, M Błasińska-Morawiec, M Šmakal, JL Canon, M Rother, KS Oliner, M Wolf, J Gansert, TW Kim, A Elme, JO Park, AA Udrea, SY Kim, JB Ahn, RV Valencia, S Krishnan, N Manojlovic, X Guan, C Lofton-Day, AS Jung, E Vrdoljak, D Rossini, A Boccaccino, M Carullo, C Antoniotti, G Dima, P Ciracì, F Marmorino, R Moretto, G Masi, T Liu, S Jiang, X Teng, L Zhong, M Liu, Y Jin, M Dong, Y Zhang, JY Zou, Y Wang, A Dasari, S Lonardi, R Garcia-Carbonero, E Elez, T Yoshino, A Sobrero, J Yao, P García-Alfonso, J Kocsis, Gracian A Cubillo, A Sartore-Bianchi, T Satoh, V Randrian, J Tomasek, G Chong, AS Paulson, T Masuishi, J Jones, T Csőszi, F Ghiringhelli, A Shergill, HS Hochster, J Krauss, A Bassam, M Ducreux, L Faugeras, S Kasper, D Arnold, S Nanda, Z Yang, WR Schelman, M Kania, D Dakowicz, R Bhattacharya, XC Ye, R Wang, X Ling, M McManus, F Fan, D Boulbes, LM Ellis, X Ye, L Xia, J Garcia, HI Hurwitz, AB Sandler, D Miles, RL Coleman, R Deurloo, OL Chinot, H Hurwitz, W Novotny, T Cartwright, J Hainsworth, W Heim, A Baron, S Griffing, E Holmgren, N Ferrara, G Fyfe, B Rogers, R Ross, F Kabbinavar, C Zhang, Y Lv, C Cao, J Lu, B Du, X Yang, Y Cui, Y Guo, R Lakomy, H Prenen, J Prausová, T Macarulla, Hazel GA van, V Moiseyenko, D Ferry, J McKendrick, J Polikoff, A Tellier, R Castan, C Allegra, A Thakur, MR Chorawala, RS Patel, AL Cohn, R Obermannova, TE Ciuleanu, DC Portnoy, A Grothey, P Garcia-Alfonso, K Yamazaki, PR Clingan, L Simms, SC Chang, F Nasroulah, P Ge, N Wan, X Han, X Long, Y Bian, Z Gao, Y Bao, Y Fan, G Chen, P Fu, J Ros, M Rodríguez-Castells, N Saoudi, I Baraibar, F Salva, E Élez, H Wasan, J Desai, F Loupakis, YS Hong, N Steeghs, TK Guren, HT Arkenau, A Gollerkeri, K Maharry, J Christy-Bittel, S Kopetz, DY Oh, YJ Bang, SJ Casak, MN Horiba, M Yuan, SJ Lemery, YL Shen, W Fu, JN Moore, Y Bi, D Auth, N Fesenko, PG Kluetz, R Pazdur, LA Fashoyin-Aje, T Vu, FX Claret, K Ng, C Wu, JM Hubbard, AL Coveler, C Fountzilas, A Kardosh, PM Kasi, HJ Lenz, DL Bajor, F Sanchez, M Stecher, W Feng, TS Bekaii-Saab, J Koury, M Lucero, C Cato, L Chang, J Geiger, D Henry, J Hernandez, F Hung, P Kaur, G Teskey, A Tran, Z Zhang, AS Shimu, HX Wei, Q Li, X Zheng, B Li, J Zheng, DM Pardoll, Y Shiravand, F Khodadadi, SMA Kashani, SR Hosseini-Fard, S Hosseini, H Sadeghirad, R Ladwa, K O'Byrne, A Kulasinghe, JA Seidel, A Otsuka, K Kabashima, HB Jie, Y Lei, N Gildener-Leapman, S Trivedi, T Green, LP Kane, RL Ferris, ME Keir, MJ Butte, GJ Freeman, AH Sharpe, M Wu, Q Huang, Y Xie, X Wu, H Ma, Y Xia, for Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy, C for DE Research, LA Jr Diaz, BV Jensen, LH Jensen, C Punt, M Benavides, P Gibbs, la Fourchardiere C de, DT Le, WY Zhong, D Fogelman, P Marinello, T Andre, F Hirano, K Kaneko, H Tamura, H Dong, M Ichikawa, C Rietz, DB Flies, JS Lau, G Zhu, K Tamada, L Chen, MJ Overman, R McDermott, JL Leach, MA Morse, A Hill, M Axelson, RA Moss, MV Goldberg, ZA Cao, JM Ledeine, GA Maglinte, O Kooshkaki, A Derakhshani, N Hosseinkhani, M Torabi, S Safaei, O Brunetti, V Racanelli, N Silvestris, B Baradaran, V Singh, A Sheikh, MAS Abourehab, P Kesharwani, A GSK, M Lumish, J Sinopoli, J Weiss, M Lamendola-Essel, Dika IH El, N Segal, M Shcherba, R Sugarman, Z Stadler, B Rousseau, G Argiles, M Patel, A Desai, M Widmar, K Iyer, N Gianino, C Crane, PB Romesser, EP Pappou, P Paty, M Gollub, KA Schalper, T Watanabe, T Ishino, Y Ueda, J Nagasaki, T Sadahira, H Dansako, M Araki, Y Togashi, S Hashemzadeh, Z Asadzadeh, MA Shadbad, F Rasibonab, H Safarpour, V Jafarlou, AG Solimando, PK Singh, S Najafi, D Javadrashid, A Tarhini, KYM Wong, F Gelsomino, M Aglietta, MB Sawyer, A Hendlisz, B Neyns, S Abdullaev, A Memaj, M Lei, M Dixon, PM Boland, WW Ma, CH June, SR Riddell, TN Schumacher, A Mitra, A Barua, L Huang, S Ganguly, Q Feng, B He, H Du, J Yang, Q Zhang, J Shen, X Huang, M Wang, Y Huang, J Chen, Y Xu, W Zhao, Y Qi, Y Ou, C Qian, DJ Juat, SJ Hachey, J Billimek, Rosario MP Del, EL Nelson, CCW Hughes, JA Zell, E Martinis, C Ricci, C Trevisan, G Tomadini, S Tonon, Z Wu, M Yang, Y Cao, W Jia, T Zhang, H Huang, H Feng, Z Guo, Z Luo, X Ji, X Cheng, R Zhao, E Janssen, B Subtil, la Jara Ortiz F de, HMW Verheul, DVF Tauriello, Therapeutics Tizona, LLC Inc, Sankyo Co Daiichi, SE BioNTech, DS Neel, TG Bivona, A Bardelli, S Corso, A Bertotti, S Hobor, E Valtorta, G Siravegna, E Scala, A Cassingena, D Zecchin, M Apicella, G Migliardi, F Galimi, C Lauricella, C Zanon, T Perera, S Veronese, G Corti, A Amatu, M Gambacorta, M Sausen, VE Velculescu, P Comoglio, L Trusolino, Nicolantonio F Di, S Giordano, A Jahangiri, Lay M De, LM Miller, WS Carbonell, YL Hu, K Lu, MW Tom, J Paquette, TA Tokuyasu, S Tsao, R Marshall, A Perry, KM Bjorgan, MM Chaumeil, SM Ronen, G Bergers, MK Aghi, CJ LaFargue, P Amero, K Noh, LS Mangala, Y Wen, E Bayraktar, S Umamaheswaran, E Stur, SK Dasari, C Ivan, S Pradeep, W Yoo, C Lu, NB Jennings, V Vathipadiekal, W Hu, A Chelariu-Raicu, Z Ku, H Deng, W Xiong, HJ Choi, M Hu, T Kiyama, CA Mao, R Ali-Fehmi, MJ Birrer, N Zhang, G Lopez-Berestein, Franciscis V de, Z An, AK Sood, M Hao, S Hou, W Li, K Li, L Xue, Q Hu, L Zhu, Y Chen, H Sun, C Ju, YL Tang, DD Li, JY Duan, LM Sheng, J Manzi, CO Hoff, R Ferreira, A Pimentel, J Datta, AS Livingstone, R Vianna, P Abreu, GM Ramzy, M Norkin, T Koessler, L Voirol, M Tihy, D Hany, T McKee, N Buchs, M Docquier, C Toso, L Rubbia-Brandt, G Bakalli, S Guerrier, J Huelsken, P Nowak-Sliwinska, JD Fumet, A Hoos, AM Eggermont, S Janetzki, FS Hodi, R Ibrahim, A Anderson, R Humphrey, B Blumenstein, L Old, J Wolchok, F Tartari, M Santoni, L Burattini, P Mazzanti, A Onofri, R Berardi, J Zugazagoitia, C Guedes, S Ponce, I Ferrer, S Molina-Pinelo, L Paz-Ares, Velzen MJM van, S Derks, Grieken NCT van, Mohammad N Haj, Laarhoven HWM van, N Huyghe, P Baldin, den Eynde M Van, G Trimaglio, AF Tilkin-Mariamé, V Feliu, F Lauzéral-Vizcaino, M Tosolini, C Valle, M Ayyoub, O Neyrolles, N Vergnolle, Y Rombouts, C Devaud, AD Kostic, E Chun, L Robertson, JN Glickman, CA Gallini, M Michaud, TE Clancy, DC Chung, P Lochhead, GL Hold, EM El-Omar, D Brenner, CS Fuchs, M Meyerson, WS Garrett, LS Pessoa, M Heringer, VP Ferrer, Maghvan P Vaseghi, S Jeibouei, ME Akbari, V Niazi, F Karami, A Rezvani, N Ansarinejad, M Abbasinia, G Sarvari, H Zali, R Talaie, A Dey, S Pathak, S Prasad, AS Zhang, H Zhang, XF Sun, A Banerjee Show less
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. In 2020, the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000 Show more
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. In 2020, the estimated number of deaths due to CRC was approximately 930000, accounting for 10% of all cancer deaths worldwide. Accordingly, there is a vast amount of ongoing research aiming to find new and improved treatment modalities for CRC that can potentially increase survival and decrease overall morbidity and mortality. Current management strategies for CRC include surgical procedures for resectable cases, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, in addition to their combination, for non-resectable tumors. Despite these options, CRC remains incurable in 50% of cases. Nonetheless, significant improvements in research techniques have allowed for treatment approaches for CRC to be frequently updated, leading to the availability of new drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the most recent therapeutic approaches for CRC, with special emphasis on new strategies that are currently being studied and have great potential to improve the prognosis and lifespan of patients with CRC. Show less
📄 PDF DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i9.1136
review
Anna Hucke, Ga Young Park, Oliver B Bauer +11 more · 2018 · Frontiers in chemistry · Frontiers · added 2026-04-20
Cancer treatment with platinum compounds is an important achievement of modern chemotherapy. However, despite the beneficial effects, the clinical impact of these agents is hampered by the development Show more
Cancer treatment with platinum compounds is an important achievement of modern chemotherapy. However, despite the beneficial effects, the clinical impact of these agents is hampered by the development of drug resistance as well as dose-limiting side effects. The efficacy but also side effects of platinum complexes can be mediated by uptake through plasma membrane transporters. In the kidneys, plasma membrane transporters are involved in their secretion into the urine. Renal secretion is accomplished by uptake from the blood into the proximal tubules cells, followed by excretion into the urine. The uptake process is mediated mainly by organic cation transporters (OCT), which are expressed in the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane facing the blood. The excretion of platinum into the urine is mediated by exchange with protons via multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE) expressed in the apical domain of plasma membrane. Recently, the monofunctional, cationic platinum agent phenanthriplatin, which is able to escape common cellular resistance mechanisms, has been synthesized and investigated. In the present study, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with transporters for organic cations has been evaluated. Phenanthriplatin is a high affinity substrate for OCT2, but has a lower apparent affinity for MATEs. The presence of these transporters increased cytotoxicity of phenanthriplatin. Therefore, phenanthriplatin may be especially effective in the treatment of cancers that express OCTs, such as colon cancer cells. However, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with OCTs suggests that its use as chemotherapeutic agent may be complicated by OCT-mediated toxicity. Unlike cisplatin, phenanthriplatin interacts with high specificity with hMATE1 and hMATE2K in addition to hOCT2. This interaction may facilitate its efflux from the cells and thereby decrease overall efficacy and/or toxicity. Show less
no PDF DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00180
Pt anticancer synthesis