For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora of evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism t Show more
For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora of evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism to the center stage of innate and adaptive immunomodulation. Given this, we focus on changes in immunometabolism, a converging series of biochemical events that alters immune cell function, propose the immune roles played by diversified metabolic derivatives and enzymes, emphasize the key metabolism-related checkpoints in distinct immune cell types, and discuss the ongoing and upcoming realities of clinical treatment. It is expected that future research will reduce the current limitations of immunotherapy and provide a positive hand in immune responses to exert a broader therapeutic role. Show less
Highly ordered interactions between immune and metabolic responses are evolutionarily conserved and paramount for tissue and organismal health. Disruption of these interactions underlies the emergence Show more
Highly ordered interactions between immune and metabolic responses are evolutionarily conserved and paramount for tissue and organismal health. Disruption of these interactions underlies the emergence of many pathologies, particularly chronic non-communicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we examine decades of research identifying the complex immunometabolic signaling networks and the cellular and molecular events that occur in the setting of altered nutrient and energy exposures and offer a historical perspective. Furthermore, we describe recent advances such as the discovery that a broad complement of immune cells play a role in immunometabolism and the emerging evidence that nutrients and metabolites modulate inflammatory pathways. Lastly, we discuss how this work may eventually lead to tangible therapeutic advancements to promote health. Show less
AbstractComplexation studies of the dinucleating ligand H3L (H3L=2â{[bis(pyridinâ2âylmethyl)amino]methyl}â6â{[bis(6âpivaloylamidopyridinâ2âylmethyl)amino]methyl}â4âmethylphenol), with metalâbinding si Show more
AbstractComplexation studies of the dinucleating ligand H3L (H3L=2â{[bis(pyridinâ2âylmethyl)amino]methyl}â6â{[bis(6âpivaloylamidopyridinâ2âylmethyl)amino]methyl}â4âmethylphenol), with metalâbinding sites A and B, which both provide four donors to a metal ion; a tertiary amine; two pyridines (substituted with amide hydrogenâbond donors in site B), and a bridging phenolate, with ZnII, CuII, and GaIII are reported. The titration of H3L with the three metal ions in solution was monitored by NMR spectroscopy or EPR and UV/Vis/nearâIR spectroscopy, as well as by ESIâMS to analyze the selectivity of the two metalâion sites A and B of this model ligand for metallophosphatases; the spectroscopic assignments are supported by Xâray crystallography results. The first ZnII ion coordinates to site A with unsubstituted pyridine donors and, upon addition of a second equivalent of ZnII, this coordinates to the sterically less accessible site B. From a similar titration with GaIII, it emerges that only a mononuclear complex is obtained, with the GaIII center coordinated to site A. When one equivalent of GaIII is reacted with the mononuclear ZnII complex, ZnII is forced by GaIII to exchange the site; this results in a dinuclear complex with GaIII in site A and ZnII in site B. With CuII, two isomers are observed: one with and the other without a bridging phenolate; these differ significantly in their spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Show less