DNA structure has many potential places where endogenous compounds and xenobiotics can bind. Therefore, xenobiotics bind along the sites of the nucleic acid with the aim of changing its structure, its Show more
DNA structure has many potential places where endogenous compounds and xenobiotics can bind. Therefore, xenobiotics bind along the sites of the nucleic acid with the aim of changing its structure, its genetic message, and, implicitly, its functions. Currently, there are several mechanisms known to be involved in DNA binding. These mechanisms are covalent and non-covalent interactions. The covalent interaction or metal base coordination is an irreversible binding and it is represented by an intra-/interstrand cross-link. The non-covalent interaction is generally a reversible binding and it is represented by intercalation between DNA base pairs, insertion, major and/or minor groove binding, and electrostatic interactions with the sugar phosphate DNA backbone. In the present review, we focus on the types of DNAâmetal complex interactions (including some representative examples) and on presenting the methods currently used to study them. Show less
The platinum(II) complex [Pt(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]2+ (PtII56MeSS, 1) exhibits high potency across numerous cancer cell lines acting by a multimodal mechanism. Ho Show more
The platinum(II) complex [Pt(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]2+ (PtII56MeSS, 1) exhibits high potency across numerous cancer cell lines acting by a multimodal mechanism. However, 1 also displays side toxicity and in vivo activity; all details of its mechanism of action are not entirely clear. Here, we describe the synthesis and biological properties of new platinum(IV) prodrugs that combine 1 with one or two axially coordinated molecules of diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory cancer-selective drug. The results suggest that these Pt(IV) complexes exhibit mechanisms of action typical for Pt(II) complex 1 and DCF, simultaneously. The presence of DCF ligand(s) in the Pt(IV) complexes promotes the antiproliferative activity and selectivity of 1 by inhibiting lactate transporters, resulting in blockage of the glycolytic process and impairment of mitochondrial potential. Additionally, the investigated Pt(IV) complexes selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, and the Pt(IV) complexes containing DCF ligands induce hallmarks of immunogenic cell death in cancer cells. Show less
Increasing numbers of DNA structures are being revealed using biophysical, spectroscopic and genomic methods. The diversity of transition metal complexes is also growing, as the unique contributions t Show more
Increasing numbers of DNA structures are being revealed using biophysical, spectroscopic and genomic methods. The diversity of transition metal complexes is also growing, as the unique contributions that transition metals bring to the overall structure of metal complexes depend on the various coordination numbers, geometries, physiologically relevant redox potentials, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics. The vast range of ligands that can be utilised must also be considered. Given this diversity, a variety of biological interactions is not unexpected. Specifically, interactions with negatively-charged DNA can arise due to covalent/coordinate or subtle non-coordinate interactions such as electrostatic attraction, groove binding and intercalation as well as combinations of all of these modes. The potential of metal complexes as therapeutic agents is but one aspect of their utility. Complexes, both new and old, are currently being utilised in conjunction with spectroscopic and biological techniques to probe the interactions of DNA and its many structural forms. Here we present a review of metal complex-DNA interactions in which several binding modes and DNA structural forms are explored. Show less