Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that occurs in the human body and poses a serious threat to human health and quality of life. The existing treatment methods mainly include surgical treatment, Show more
Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that occurs in the human body and poses a serious threat to human health and quality of life. The existing treatment methods mainly include surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, due to the strong metastatic characteristics of lung cancer and the emergence of related drug resistance and radiation resistance, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is not ideal. There is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies or new effective drugs to treat lung cancer. Ferroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, is different from the traditional cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and so on. It is caused by the increase of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species due to intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides, thus inducing cell membrane oxidative damage, affecting the normal life process of cells, and finally promoting the process of ferroptosis. The regulation of ferroptosis is closely related to the normal physiological process of cells, and it involves iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the balance between oxygen-free radical reaction and lipid peroxidation. A large number of studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is a result of the combined action of the cellular oxidation/antioxidant system and cell membrane damage/repair, which has great potential application in tumor therapy. Therefore, this review aims to explore potential therapeutic targets for ferroptosis in lung cancer by clarifying the regulatory pathway of ferroptosis. Based on the study of ferroptosis, the regulation mechanism of ferroptosis in lung cancer was understood and the existing chemical drugs and natural compounds targeting ferroptosis in lung cancer were summarized, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of lung cancer. In addition, it also provides the basis for the discovery and clinical application of chemical drugs and natural compounds targeting ferroptosis to effectively treat lung cancer. Show less
Protocells, the first life-like entities, likely contained three molecular components: a membrane, an information-carrying molecule, and catalytic molecules. Minerals have a wide range of properties t Show more
Protocells, the first life-like entities, likely contained three molecular components: a membrane, an information-carrying molecule, and catalytic molecules. Minerals have a wide range of properties that might have contributed to the synthesis and self-assembly of these molecular components. Minerals could have mediated the formation and concentration of prebiotic organic monomers, catalyzed their polymerization into biomolecules, and catalyzed protometabolic pathways, leading to protocell self-assembly. This review considers the following major aspects of protocell membrane-mineral interactions: (i) the effect of dissolved cations on the stability of mixed fatty acid and phospholipid vesicles; (ii) the rate of lipid self-assembly to vesicles; and (iii) the role of photocatalytic minerals in harvesting light energy to drive electron transfer reactions across membranes in the development of protometabolism. Show less