👤 Júlia Scaff Moreira Dias

In recent years, mostly spanning the past decade, the concept of immunometabolism has ushered with a novel perspective on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor response to therapy. It has become clear that the metabolic state of immune cells plays a significant role in shaping their antitumor or protumor activities within the cancer microenvironment. Consequently, the examination of tumor metabolic heterogeneity, including an exploration of immunometabolism, proves indispensable for enhancing prognostic tools and advancing the quest for personalized treatments. Here we have delved into how metabolic reprogramming profoundly influences the acquisition and maintenance of functional states, spanning from effector and cytotoxic profiles to regulatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes in both innate and adaptive immunity. These alterations wield considerable influence over tumor evolution and affect the outcome of cancer. Furthermore, we explore some of the cellular signaling mechanisms that underpin the metabolic and phenotypic flexibility of immune cells in response to external stimuli. Show less

In the present review we summarize different strategies to induce DNA compaction and decompaction. DNA compaction is achieved using different cationic co-solutes, such as trivalent ions, surfactant, and polycations. In addition, single-chained DNA compaction can also be achieved in solvents with low dielectric constants and by confinement. The decompaction strategies depend, naturally, on the method used for the compaction and can be accomplished by, for example, heparins, cyclodextrins, non-ionic or anionic surfactants. Show less